7/3/2023 0 Comments Craniofacial skeleton sketch![]() ![]() First, it is generally accepted that the cartilages of the pharyngeal arches are NC–derived. The current knowledge of the skeletogenic potential of the NC comes largely from studies of chicken and mouse development, with some key additional studies on other model organisms such as zebrafish and frog, and from these a broad consensus has emerged on several points. Therefore, an understanding of the evolution of the NC and in particular its contribution to the skeleton in different vertebrates lends insight into much broader questions of the origin of vertebrates. The evolution of vertebrates is concomitant with the evolution of the multi–potent neural crest (NC), which contributes to much of the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Funding was provided by the United States National Institutes of Health/NIDCR Grant R21DE021509-01 ( and Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation MED-Project-2009-5769 ( The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: AugAccepted: SeptemPublished: November 14, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Kague et al. We also determine a NC origin for caudal fin lepidotrichia the presumption is that these are derived from trunk NC, demonstrating that these cells have the ability to form bone during normal vertebrate development.Ĭitation: Kague E, Gallagher M, Burke S, Parsons M, Franz-Odendaal T, Fisher S (2012) Skeletogenic Fate of Zebrafish Cranial and Trunk Neural Crest. Similarly, in the vault of the skull, the parietal bones and the caudal portion of the frontal bones show no evidence of NC contribution. However, we find no evidence of a NC contribution to the cleithrum. The cleithrum develops at the border of NC and mesoderm, and as an ancestral component of the pectoral girdle was predicted to be a hybrid bone composed of both NC and mesoderm tissues. ![]() We confirm suspected NC origin of cartilage and bones of the viscerocranium, including cartilages such as the hyosymplectic and its replacement bones (hymandibula and symplectic) and membranous bones such as the opercle. The indelible labeling also enables us to determine NC contribution to late–forming bones, including the calvariae. We demonstrate NC contribution to cells in the cranial ganglia and peripheral nervous system known to be NC–derived, as well as to a subset of myocardial cells. Here, we employ a two–transgene system based on Cre recombinase to genetically label NC in the zebrafish. Study of zebrafish craniofacial development has contributed substantially to understanding of cartilage and bone formation in teleosts, but there is currently little information on NC contribution to the zebrafish skeleton. Lack of information about other vertebrate groups precludes an understanding of the evolutionary significance of these differences. Despite many similarities between these rather distant species, there are also distinct differences in the contribution of the NC, particularly to the calvariae of the skull. The neural crest (NC) is a major contributor to the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton, detailed in model organisms through embryological and genetic approaches, most notably in chick and mouse. ![]()
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